What is raoultella ornithinolytica

Seng et al described, in a series of cases of R. Chun et al reported 7 patients with biliary infection in a review of 16 cases of R. Reported cases of gastrointestinal, and specifically biliary, infections with R.

Nonetheless, rare cases involving healthy patients with no identifiable risk factors exist, and usually present as food poisoning and acute gastroenteritis.

Cases of urinary tract infection UTI with R. Table 2 summarizes the previously detailed cases of UTIs with this pathogen. Among other reported cases, Vos et Laureys described a case of an infected giant renal cyst causing colonic obstruction and an inflammatory syndrome.

Seng et al reported in his series of cases 36 urinary infections with R. It is worth noting that many of the reported cases were diagnosed in patients with either immunodeficiency, malignant conditions or anatomical abnormalities, thus making them complicated rather than simple community-acquired infections. Very few reports of osteoarticular infections with R.

Table 3 describes the reported detailed cases of such infections. Seng et al reported 4 cases of bone and joint infection, including 3 cases of chronic osteitis without orthopedic device and 1 case of tibia pandiaphysitis. Although several patients in the previously reported cases had multiples comorbidities, none of them appeared to have an active immunosuppressive condition.

The clinical presentation and symptoms did not significantly differ from, nor were they more severe than, the cases of osteoarticular infections caused by other pathogens. Furthermore, the majority of cases responded adequately to treatment, the latter consisting usually of debridement and lavage of the affected joint and subsequent prolonged antimicrobial therapy.

While some cases may suggest that a prior intervention may have led to infection, other cases were described in immunocompetent patients with no identifiable entry points. Nonetheless, osteoarticular manifestations account for a minority of infectious events with Raoultella ornithinolytica in the literature.

Singh et al reported a case of ENT infection in a year old female patient with history of tobacco chewing, presenting as pain in the throat and ear, postnasal discharge and voice change.

In a study aiming at identifying pathogenic bacteria in the saliva of individuals wearing dentures, Derafshi et al reported 2 cases where R.

To the best of our knowledge, the only described cases of R ornithinolytica ENT infections include the one reported by Singh et al , and 2 cases of external otitis one of which hospital-acquired reported by Seng et al More cases are however required to better understand the clinical characteristics and risk factors of such infections in the ENT sphere.

The first case of cutaneous soft tissue infection with R. Another diabetic foot infection with R. Furthermore, Khajuria et al identified a multi-drug resistant strain of R. Although most soft tissue infections were reported in patients with comorbidities increasing their risk of infectious events, such as diabetes, a first case of surgical wound infection with R. Detailed cases of intrathoracic and respiratory infections with R.

Boattini et al reported in a retrospective analysis 6 cases of pneumonia due to R. The presence of respiratory infections with R. In addition to previously mentioned reports, several cases of systemic infections with R.

Although recovery was achievable in many of these cases, death occurred in many of them and several reported cases were described in patients with malignant conditions or immunosuppression.

Kaya et al reported a case of febrile neutropenia with R. A few cases of catheter infection and catheter-related bloodstream infections have also been identified. Other isolated cases of vascular prosthesis infections, conjunctivitis and meningitis due to R. In conclusion, R. While formerly known as a relatively harmless pathogen found in aquatic environment and soil, its involvement in some severe clinical human infections we have described sheds light on a potentially increasingly virulent pathogen that affects comorbid at-risk patients.

Its proper identification remains challenging and could explain why R. Nonetheless, although the majority of reported cases are susceptible to standard antibiotic regimens, the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains may pose a serious risk to debilitated patients, and thus requires due consideration to further prevent increased virulence, especially in frail individuals.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Infect Drug Resist v. Infect Drug Resist. Published online Apr Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Sep 23; Accepted Dec This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Raoultella ornithinolytica is an encapsulated Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-motile rod that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Keywords: Raoultella ornithinolytica , Raoultella spp. Background Raoultella ornithinolytica is an encapsulated Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-motile rod that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Objective The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of available current knowledge on the emerging role of R.

Identification Adequate identification of Raoultella species remains a challenge with conventional identification methods. Virulence and Resistance As stated by Haruki et al , R. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Infections Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary infections are among the most frequently reported infections with R.

Open in a separate window. Osteoarticular Infections Very few reports of osteoarticular infections with R. Ear, Nose and Throat Infections Singh et al reported a case of ENT infection in a year old female patient with history of tobacco chewing, presenting as pain in the throat and ear, postnasal discharge and voice change. Soft Tissue Infections The first case of cutaneous soft tissue infection with R. Intrathoracic and Respiratory Infections Detailed cases of intrathoracic and respiratory infections with R.

Bloodstream and Other Infections In addition to previously mentioned reports, several cases of systemic infections with R. Conclusion In conclusion, R. Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. References 1. Emerging role of Raoultella ornithinolytica in human infections: a series of cases and review of the literature.

Int J Infect Dis. Klebsiella ornithinolytica sp. Curr Microbiol. Phylogenetic analyses of Klebsiella species delineate Klebsiella and Raoultella gen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. Clinical characteristics of Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint caused by rare bacteria Raoultella ornithinolytica.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Mandibular osteomyelitis due to Raoultella species. JMM Case Rep. Diabetic foot infection caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica. Am J Health Syst Pharm. Bacteremia caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica in two children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. A rare human infection of Raoultella ornithinolytica in a diabetic foot lesion. Evaluation of three phenotypic identification systems for clinical isolates of Raoultella ornithinolytica. J Med Microbiol. Enteric fever-like syndrome caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica Klebsiella ornithinolytica.

Vos B, Laureys M. Rev Med Brux. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Association of Raoultella bacteremia with diseases of the biliary tract. Scand J Infect Dis.

Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia in cancer patients: report of three cases. Intern Med. Clinical characteristics of Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia: a case series and literature review. J Infect Chemother. Sibanda M. Primary peritonitis caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica in a year-old man. JMM Case Rep. Predominant association of Raoultella bacteremia with diseases of the biliary tract. Clinical characteristics of Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia.

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Catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica. Sandal G, Ozen M. Fatal Raoultella ornithinolytica sepsis and purpura fulminas in a preterm newborn. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol. Abbas A, Ahmad I. First report of neonatal early-onset sepsis caused by multi-drug-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica. First report of neonatal bacteraemia caused by blaNDM-1 Raoultella ornithinolytica. Southern African J Infect Dis. Raoultella infection causing fever of unknown origin.

De Petris L, Ruffini E. Roultella ornithinolytica infection in infancy: a case of febrile urinary tract infection. CEN Case Rep. Emerging role of Raoultella ornithinolytica in human infections: a series of cases and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. Monnet D, Freney J. Method for differentiating Klebsiella planticola and Klebsiella terrigena from other Klebsiella species.

Klebsiella pneumoniae produces no histamine: Raoultella planticola and Raoultella ornithinolytica strains are histamine producers. Appl Environ Microbiol. Flushing associated with scombroid fish poisoning. Dermatol Online J. A rare human infection of Raoultella ornithinolytica in a diabetic foot lesion. Ann Saudi Med. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.

Genetic and biochemical characterization of the chromosomal class A beta-lactamases of Raoultella formerly Klebsiella planticola and Raoultella ornithinolytica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Antibiotic susceptibility, serum response and surface properties of Klebsiella species. Raoultella ornithinolytica causing fatal sepsis. Braz J Infect Dis.

Keywords: Raoultella orithinolytica , infection, pediatric, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility.

The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Introduction The genus Raoultella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Materials and Methods We have conducted a retrospective study of culture records at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University an bed teaching hospital in China between January 1, and June 1, Table 2.

Summary of the microbiological testing of the cases. Edited by: Utpal S. Reviewed by: Asha N. Isolation and characterization of Raoultella ornithinolytica from clinical specimens in Hilla city, Iraq. Medical Journal of Babylon ;7 4 Emerging role of Raoultella ornithinolytica in human infections: a series of cases and review of literature.

International Journal of Infect Diseases ;45 Due to the similarities between Raoultella and Klebsiella genus it is impossible to distinguish both by conventional biochemical techniques de Jong et al.

Samples were collected through the swab technique. Material collection was performed individually by using sterile swabs. Swabs were inserted in the cloaca through soft circular movements in order to maximize the contact with the cloacal mucosa.

The technique confirmed pre-identified samples in genus Escherichia , Enterobacter , Serratia , Proteus and Klebsiella ; however, one of the pre-identified samples has proved to be Raoultella ornithinolytica. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ;45 4 The sample was challenged by 26 distinct antibiotics Table 1 , demonstrating resistance to only seven antibiotics ampicillin, bacitracin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, spiramycin, penicillin and rifampicin intermediate sensitivity only to amoxicillin. Klebsiella pneumoniae produces no histamine: Raoultella planticola and Raoultella ornithinolytica strains are histamine producers.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ;68 7 Raoultella ornithinolytica in urinary tract infections. Clinical and microbiological study of a series of 4 oncologic patients. Medicina Clinica ; 3 Emergence of Raoultella ornithinolytica on O'ahu: a case of community-acquire R. Ornithinolytica urinary tract infection.

Sepsis caused by Raoultella ornithinolyticain an immunocompetent patient. Der Anaesthesist ;65 2 Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia in an infant with visceral heterotaxy. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ;29 5 Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia in cancer patients: report of three cases. Internal Medicine ;51 22 Clinical characteristics of Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia: a case series and literature review. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ;20 9 Catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica.

Folia Microbiologica ;60 6 Primary peritonitis caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica in a year-old-man [cited Jul 03]. Journal of Medical Microbiology ;1 3. Enteric fever-like syndrome caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica Klebsiella ornithinolytica. Journal of Clinical Microbiology ;47 3 Association of Raoultella bacteremia with diseases of the biliary tract.